Carbon nanotubes, rod-shaped structures composed of rolled graphene sheets, have captivated scientists and engineers with their exceptional mechanical properties. Their unprecedented strength, conductivity, and lightness make them ideal candidates for a broad range of applications, from high-performance materials to flexible electronics. Understand

quantum dots present unique properties through the large polarizability of electron energy stages discretization of Strength levels concentration of oscillator toughness for individual transition. The size induced effects will often be intricate With all the surface area consequences which might be predominant in these programs getting significant